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Dictionary Entry: Double Fertilization

Double Fertilization

Part of Speech

Noun

Pronunciation

ˈdʌb(ə)l ˌfɜːrtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən

Definitions

  1. A complex fertilization process in flowering plants where one sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to form a zygote, and another sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.
  2. An essential reproductive mechanism unique to angiosperms, resulting in the formation of both the embryo and the nutrient-rich endosperm.

Usage Examples

  • Double fertilization is a defining characteristic of angiosperm reproduction.
  • The process of double fertilization ensures that the developing embryo receives adequate nourishment from the endosperm.
  • Botanists study double fertilization to understand plant reproductive biology.

Etymology

Coined in the late 19th century, from "double" (twofold) and "fertilization" (the process of union between sperm and egg cells), first observed by Russian scientist Sergey Nawaschin in 1898.

Synonyms

  • Angiosperm fertilization
  • Embryo sac fertilization
  • Double fusion

Antonyms

  • Single fertilization
  • Self-pollination
  • Asexual reproduction

Translations

Language Translations Pronunciations
French double fécondation dubl fe.kɔ̃.da.sjɔ̃
Spanish doble fecundación ˈdɔβle feˌkundaˈθjon
German Doppelte Befruchtung ˈdɔpl̩tə bəˈfʁʊχtʊŋ
Italian fecondazione doppia fekondaˈtsjone ˈdoppja
Hindi डबल निषेचन ḍabal niṣecan
Tamil இரட்டை பாசனம் iraṭṭai pācanam
Telugu రెండు ఫలదీకరణం reṇḍu phaladīkaraṇaṁ
Kannada ಎರಡು ಗರ್ಭಧಾರಣ eraḍu garbhadhāraṇa
Bengali ডাবল নিষেক ḍābal niṣek

Regional Pronunciation Variations

  • British English: ˈdʌb(ə)l ˌfɜːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən
  • American English: ˈdʌb(ə)l ˌfɝːtələˈzeɪʃən

Historical Usage

The phenomenon of double fertilization was first discovered in flowering plants during the late 19th century, marking a significant milestone in plant reproductive biology.

Cultural Nuances

Double fertilization plays a critical role in agricultural crops like wheat, rice, and maize, contributing to global food security.

More Information

Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms and plays a pivotal role in seed development. The fusion of the second sperm cell with polar nuclei forms the triploid endosperm, which provides essential nutrients to the developing embryo. This process increases the efficiency of seed production and has been widely studied in plant breeding and genetics.

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